What is 350°F in Celsius?

350°F is 180°C, or Gas Mark 4. This is one of the most common baking temperatures — used for Victoria sponge, most layer cakes, banana bread, and standard biscuits. In a fan oven, reduce to 160°C.

What is 400°F in Celsius?

400°F is 200°C, or Gas Mark 6. This is a hot oven temperature used for roasting, bread rolls, scones, and shortcrust pastry. In a fan oven, reduce to 180°C.

What temperature is a moderate oven?

A moderate oven is 180°C (350°F, Gas Mark 4). It is the standard temperature for most cakes and baked goods. Some recipes describe 160–170°C as 'moderately slow' and 190°C as 'moderately hot'.

How much do I reduce temperature for a fan oven?

Reduce the temperature by 20°C (or 25°F) when using a fan oven. So if a recipe calls for 180°C in a conventional oven, set your fan oven to 160°C. Fan ovens circulate hot air more efficiently, cooking food faster and more evenly — which means less heat is needed to achieve the same result.

What Gas Mark is 180°C?

180°C is Gas Mark 4. The Gas Mark scale runs from ¼ (very cool, 110°C) to 10 (very hot, 270°C). Gas Mark 4 (180°C / 350°F) is the most common baking temperature.

What is 325°F in Celsius?

325°F is approximately 160–165°C, or Gas Mark 3. This is a slow to moderate oven used for longer bakes — fruit cakes, cheesecakes, slow-cooked meringues, and anything that needs gentle, even heat.

What is 425°F in Celsius?

425°F is 220°C, or Gas Mark 7. This is a hot oven used for bread, pizza, Yorkshire puddings, and anything that needs rapid initial heat to set a crust or create steam lift.

What is Gas Mark 6 in Celsius?

Gas Mark 6 is 200°C (400°F). This is considered a hot oven, suitable for roasting vegetables, cooking pastry, and baking scones, rolls, and anything that benefits from a quick blast of heat.

Oven Temperature Chart.
°F, °C, Fan & Gas Mark.

The complete reference — Fahrenheit to Celsius, conventional to fan, Gas Mark to both. Includes real recipe examples at every temperature and the fan oven reduction rule that most guides get wrong.

°F to °C Gas Mark Chart Fan Oven Guide Oven Descriptions

275°F

140°C

Gas ½ · Very cool
Meringues, slow drying

325°F

160°C

Gas 3 · Slow
Fruit cake, cheesecake

350°F

180°C

Gas 4 · Moderate
Victoria sponge, cookies

375°F

190°C

Gas 5 · Mod. hot
Muffins, tarts

400°F

200°C

Gas 6 · Hot
Scones, pastry

425°F

220°C

Gas 7 · Hot
Bread, pizza

Live Temperature Converter

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Common Baking Temperatures

What each temperature is actually used for — not just the numbers.

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Fan Ovens — The Real Rule

The 20°C reduction is a guideline, not a law. Here's when to follow it and when to use your judgment.

⚠️ Fan Oven Temperatures Are Not Just "Minus 20"

180°C

Conventional oven

→

160°C

Fan oven

Fan ovens circulate hot air with a built-in fan, cooking food more quickly and evenly than conventional ovens. The −20°C rule (or −25°F) accounts for this extra efficiency.

Where it breaks down: very short bakes (under 15 minutes) and things that need rapid surface browning — like soufflés or the initial blast for bread. For these, keep the full temperature and just watch the time.

Also: some fan ovens run hotter than their dial suggests. If your bakes consistently over-brown on the bottom, your fan oven may run 10–15°C hot — try reducing by 30°C instead of 20°C.

💡 Fan Oven vs Conventional — Key Differences

Fan ovens cook 25–30% faster — start checking your bake 5–10 minutes before the recipe time.

Fan ovens brown more evenly — you don't need to rotate trays mid-bake as you might with a conventional oven.

Fan ovens can dry things out — for long, slow bakes (fruit cakes, cheesecakes), conventional heat is kinder. Many chefs prefer conventional for custards and anything that should stay moist.

The term "fan-forced" is Australian/NZ terminology — it means exactly the same as fan oven or convection oven.

Gas Mark — Explained

A British temperature scale still found in older cookbooks and on some modern appliances.

🔥 What Is Gas Mark?

Gas Mark is a temperature scale used on gas ovens in the UK and Ireland. It runs from ¼ (107°C / 225°F) at the lowest to 10 (270°C / 518°F) at the highest.

Gas Mark 4 (180°C / 350°F) is the most common baking temperature. If you have an electric oven — fan or conventional — simply use the °C equivalent.

Gas marks are approximate. Gas ovens don't hold temperature as precisely as electric ovens because the flame cycles on and off. Older recipes written for Gas Mark ovens often have wider temperature tolerances built in — a 10°C variance is considered normal.

Complete Temperature Reference Table

Every standard oven temperature — all four scales, with oven descriptions. Highlighted rows are the most commonly used.

Description	°C (Conv.)	°C (Fan)	°F	Gas Mark
Very cool	110°C	90°C	225°F	¼
Very cool	120°C	100°C	250°F	½
Cool / slow	140°C	120°C	275°F	1
Cool / slow	150°C	130°C	300°F	2
Warm / moderately slow	160°C	140°C	325°F	3
Moderate	180°C	160°C	350°F	4
Moderately hot	190°C	170°C	375°F	5
Hot	200°C	180°C	400°F	6
Hot	220°C	200°C	425°F	7
Very hot	230°C	210°C	450°F	8
Very hot	240°C	220°C	475°F	9
Extremely hot	260°C	240°C	500°F	10

Highlighted rows are the temperatures used in the majority of baking recipes. Fan temperatures assume a 20°C reduction from conventional.

The Gotchas

Three oven temperature mistakes that affect results in ways that aren't obvious.

⚠️ Cold Oven vs Preheated Oven — It's Not Always Preheat

Most recipes assume a fully preheated oven. But a small number intentionally start in a cold oven:

Cold oven cheesecakes — placing a cheesecake in a cold oven and letting it come up to temperature gradually reduces cracking.

Some pound cakes — starting cold gives a longer rise before the crust sets, creating a taller cake.

Oven-dried meringues — sometimes placed in a switched-off warm oven overnight rather than baked conventionally.

If your recipe doesn't specify "cold oven", always preheat. Allow 15–20 minutes for a conventional oven to reach temperature, 10–15 for a fan oven.

💡 Why Fahrenheit Temperatures Look Strange to UK Bakers

American recipes use Fahrenheit because that's the standard in the US. The numbers look alarming — 350°F sounds like it should be scorching — but it's just 180°C, the most normal baking temperature there is.

The mental shortcut: subtract 32, then divide by 1.8 to convert °F to °C. Or just use the table above — most American baking temperatures are multiples of 25°F, which makes them easy to look up.

💡 Oven Thermometers — Worth Every Penny

Domestic ovens are notoriously inaccurate. Studies consistently show that most home ovens run 10–25°C hotter or cooler than their dial setting.

A standalone oven thermometer costs under £10 and tells you exactly what temperature your oven is actually reaching. If your bakes consistently come out underdone or overdone despite following recipes carefully, your oven dial is probably lying to you.

Got a full recipe with Fahrenheit to convert?

Stop looking up one temperature at a time. Paste or photograph your recipe and RecipeScan converts the oven temperature along with every other measurement — cups, tablespoons, ounces. First 5 scans free.

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Oven Temperature Chart.°F, °C, Fan & Gas Mark.